A periodontal exam is a clinical assessment used to evaluate the health of the gums and the supporting tissues that hold the teeth in place. During this examination, the dentist or dental hygienist checks for signs of gum disease, including inflammation, bleeding, gum recession, and changes in the bone supporting the teeth. A small measuring instrument called a periodontal probe is used to measure the depth of spaces between the teeth and gums, known as periodontal pockets.
The exam helps identify early or advanced stages of periodontal disease and provides important information about gum health over time. Measurements and findings are often recorded in a periodontal chart, which allows dental professionals to track changes and determine whether treatment or preventive care may be needed. In many cases, periodontal exams are performed during routine dental visits or when signs of gum disease are present.