Salivary gland stones, also known as sialolithiasis, occur when minerals in saliva crystallize and form solid deposits within the ducts that carry saliva into the mouth. These stones most commonly affect the submandibular glands, located beneath the jaw, due to the composition and flow pattern of saliva in these glands. When a stone blocks the duct, saliva cannot flow normally. This can cause pressure to build within the gland, especially during eating when saliva production increases. As a result, individuals may experience swelling and discomfort in the affected area. Over time, repeated blockage can lead to inflammation or infection of the gland. If this process continues, symptoms may become more persistent or severe, and the gland may not function normally. The size and number of stones can vary, and some may pass on their own while others require intervention.
UnderstandingÂ
Salivary Gland Stones
Clinical Significance
Can lead to pain, swelling, salivary gland infection, recurrent blockage, and reduced saliva flow if untreated.
Common Causes
Reduced saliva flow, dehydration, thickened saliva, mineral imbalances, certain medications, trauma to salivary ducts
Signs & Symptoms
Possibly none, or pain and swelling near jaw or under tongue, especially during meals, dry mouth, bad taste, visible or palpable stone, signs of infection such as redness or pus
How It's Detected
Clinical exam, palpation of ducts, patient symptoms, imaging such as X-rays, ultrasound, or CT scans
Treatment Options
Hydration and stimulation of saliva flow (sialogogues), massage of gland, warm compresses, stone removal, minimally invasive procedures, antibiotics if infection is present, no treatment for small asymptomatic stones
Benefits to Treatment
Relieves blockage, reduces pain and swelling, restores saliva flow, prevents infection, improves gland function
Prevention
Stay well hydrated, stimulate saliva flow (sugar-free lozenges), maintain oral hygiene, manage medications that reduce saliva when possible, regular dental care
Frequently Asked Questions
What does a salivary gland stone feel like?
Salivary gland stones often cause discomfort or swelling near the affected gland, especially during meals. In many cases, the pain comes and goes and may increase when saliva production is stimulated by eating. Some people notice a firm lump under the tongue or along the jaw. Others may only feel pressure or fullness. If the duct is completely blocked, symptoms may become more noticeable.
Can salivary gland stones go away on their own?
In some cases, small salivary gland stones may pass on their own, especially with increased saliva flow. Hydration, gentle massage, and sucking on sour or sugar-free lozenges can help stimulate saliva and encourage movement of the stone. However, larger stones or those causing persistent blockage may not resolve without treatment. A dental or medical evaluation can determine the appropriate approach.
What is the most common treatment for salivary gland stones?
The most common initial approach focuses on conservative measures such as hydration, gland massage, and stimulating saliva flow. These methods may help move smaller stones out of the duct. If the stone does not pass or symptoms persist, procedures to remove the stone may be recommended. In cases of infection, antibiotics may also be used.
Can salivary gland stones cause infection?
Yes, salivary gland stones can lead to infection if saliva becomes trapped behind a blockage. In many cases, this creates an environment where bacteria can grow. Signs of infection may include increased pain, swelling, redness, or pus discharge. If infection develops, treatment is important to control symptoms and prevent further complications.
How can I prevent salivary gland stones?
Prevention focuses on maintaining healthy saliva flow. Staying well hydrated is one of the most important steps. In many cases, stimulating saliva with sugar-free lozenges and maintaining good oral hygiene can help reduce risk. Managing dry mouth and reviewing medications that may reduce saliva production can also be beneficial. Regular dental visits support early detection and prevention.